Reverdia, a joint venture between DSM and Roquette Frères, has started operations at a plant for bio-based succinic acid in Italy. The succinic acid, Biosuccinium, will be used for applications including polybutylene succinate (PBS), a polymer that can be used in food packaging. The plant in Cassano Spinola, Italy, has a capacity of 10,000 tonnes per year and will use proprietary low-pH yeast technology. The Reverdia JV started up in 2010.